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法国第二次大罢工抗议延长退休年龄 马克龙：没得商量******
中新网2月1日电 综合报道，当地时间1月31日，法国工会发起第二次全国罢工，数以百万计的教师、公务员以及其他各行各业的从业者走上街头参加了游行示威活动。报道称，当天罢工严重扰乱法国的电力生产、公共交通和学校运作等，使各地的公共设施陷入瘫痪。
资料图：2023年1月31日，在法国北部城市里尔，民众正在参加抗议养老金改革活动，警察在维护秩序。据路透社报道，法国内政部表示，在法国8家主要工会的号召下，当天共有127.2万人参加了抗议活动。他们手举“反对养老金改革”、“我们不会放弃”等横幅游行示威，反对总统马克龙的养老金改革计划。这项计划拟通过将最低退休年龄从62岁提高至64岁，来消除养老金体系中的赤字。
报道称，这是法国工会第二次全国性罢工。此前1月19日，也有超过100万人走上街头游行示威。法国总工会(CGT)称，仅在巴黎，就有50万抗议者聚集，但当局表示估计这个数字为8.7万人。
“对总统来说，这很容易。他坐在座位上……他甚至可以工作到70岁，”公交车司机伊莎贝尔·特克西尔在抗议活动中说道。“我们不能要求普通工人工作到64岁，这是不可能的。”
据报道，罢工严重扰乱法国的电力生产、公共交通和学校运作等，使各地的公共设施陷入瘫痪。当天法国只有三分之一的TGV高铁列车运行，巴黎地铁则严重受到影响。此外，巴黎市长伊达尔戈决定声援游行和罢工，当天暂停市政府对外服务，并在市政府外挂出声援的条幅。
另据英国广播公司(BBC)报道，法国当局宣布动用了1.1万名警察在全国200多个示威地点维持秩序。在巴黎示威路线尽头的沃邦广场发生了小规模冲突，约30名示威人士被捕。
马克龙政府：“没有商量余地”
民意调查显示，尽管三分之二的法国人反对这项改革，但马克龙政府并不打算顺应民意，称将退休年龄推迟到64岁是“没有商量余地的”。
资料图：法国总统马克龙马克龙也在1月30日明言，这项改革对确保养老金制度的继续运作“至关重要”。
根据法国劳工部的估计，若将民众的退休年龄延后至64岁，并延长缴费期，法国每年的养老金缴费额将增加177亿欧元，从而使养老金系统在2027年实现收支平衡。但法国工会认为，政府也可以通过对富豪征税，或要求雇主和拥有很多养老金的人缴纳更多费用。
据悉，大规模抗议迫使政府做出了一些让步，例如将领取养老金的年龄从65岁下调到64岁，并同意让退休者每月领取1200欧元的最低养老金。
但政府在两个核心问题上没有改变，即从今年夏末开始至2030年，法定退休年龄将从目前的62岁逐步提高到64岁；2027年起，退休者只有在缴纳社会分摊金满43年的前提下，才能领取全额养老金。
“当反对声如此之大时，政府不听是很危险的。”法国劳工民主联盟(CFDT)公务部门秘书长雅科说道。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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